Incazelo
I-Silver Concentrates ne-Ore esiyithengayo:
I-Silver Concentrates
Izakhi Eziyinhloko | Ukungcola kanye Nenhlawulo | ||
Ag | 300g min. | As | I-1% max. |
Au | 5g min. | Se | - |
Pb | 20% iminithi. | Bi | I-0.3% max. |
Sb | - | ||
Sn | I-0.3% max. | ||
S | 20% cishe |
Insimbi Yesiliva
Izakhi Eziyinhloko | Ukungcola kanye Nenhlawulo | ||
Ag | 600g min. | As | I-0.5% max. |
Au | 5g min. | Se | - |
Pb | 20% iminithi. | Bi | I-0.3% max. |
Sb | - | ||
Sn | I-0.3% max. |
Isiliva liyafana ngezakhiwo zalo ezingokoqobo namakhemikhali komakhelwane balo ababili abame mpo eqenjini 11 letafula lezinsuku, ithusi negolide. Ama-electron ayo angu-47 ahlelwe ekucushweni, ngokufanayo nethusi negolide; iqembu 11 lingelinye lamaqembu ambalwa ku-d-block enesethi engaguquki ngokuphelele yokucushwa kwama-electron. Lokhu kumiswa kwe-electron ehlukile, ene-electron eyodwa endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ye-subshell ngaphezu kwe-subshell egcwele engu-d, kubala izici eziningi eziyingqayizivele zesiliva lensimbi.
Isiliva iyinsimbi eguquguqukayo ethambile kakhulu, edonsayo futhi ethambile, nakuba ithambile kancane kunegolide. Isiliva licwebezela ku-cubic lattice egxile ebusweni enenombolo yokuxhumana eyinqwaba engu-12, lapho kuphela i-electron eyodwa engu-5s isuswa endaweni, ngokufanayo nethusi negolide. Ngokungafani nezinsimbi ezino-d-shell ezingaphelele, amabhondi ensimbi esiliva ashoda ngohlamvu oluhlangene futhi abuthaka uma kuqhathaniswa. Lokhu kubuka kuchaza ubulukhuni obuphansi kanye ne-ductility ephezulu yekristalu eyodwa yesiliva.
Isiliva sinokucwebezela okumhlophe kwensimbi okungathatha ukupholisha okuphezulu, futhi okuyisici kangangokuthi igama lensimbi ngokwalo seliphenduke igama lombala.[8] Ngokungafani nethusi negolide, amandla adingekayo ukuze kujabulise i-electron kusuka ku-d band egcwele kuya ebhendini ye-sp conduction ngesiliva inkulu ngokwanele (cishe 385 kJ/mol) kangangokuthi ayisahambisani nokumuncwa endaweni ebonakalayo ye-spectrum, kodwa kunalokho ku-ultraviolet; yingakho isiliva aliyona insimbi enombala.[8] Isiliva elivikelwe linokukhanya okukhulu kwe-optical kune-aluminium kuwo wonke amaza amaza amade kuno-~450 nm. Kumaza amaza amafushane kuno-450 nm, ukubonakala kwesiliva kungaphansi kwe-aluminium futhi kwehlela kuqanda eduze kuka-310 nm.
Izimayini zesiliva
Imayini yesiliva iwumthombo wensiza wesiliva ngokumbiwa.
Isiliva litholakala ngendlela yomdabu engavamile kakhulu njengama-nuggets, kodwa ngokuvamile lihlanganiswa nesibabule, i-arsenic, i-antimony, noma i-chlorine nasezintweni ezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-argentite (Ag2S), i-chlorargyrite ("isiliva lophondo," AgCl), kanye ne-galena (a insimbi yomthofu evame ukuqukethe amanani abalulekile esiliva). Njengoba isiliva livame ukutholakala lihambisana nalezi noma lihlanganiswe nezinye izinsimbi ezifana negolide, ngokuvamile kufanele likhishwe ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhlanganiswa noma nge-electrolysis.
Imayini yesiliva yenziwe kusukela kudala. Njengoba isiliva liyinsimbi eyigugu evame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlamvu zemali, ukumbiwa kwayo ngokomlando bekuvame ukuba nenzuzo enkulu. Njengezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide noma iplatinamu, izinsalela ezisanda kutholwa zensimbi yesiliva zibangele ukuxhamazela kwesiliva kubavukuzi abafuna ingcebo yabo. Emakhulwini eminyaka amuva nje, kutholwe futhi kwambiwa amadiphozithi amakhulu emazweni aseMelika, okube nomthelela ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kweMexico, amazwe ase-Andean anjengeBolivia, Chile, nePeru, kanye neCanada ne-United States.
Imininingwane
Uphawu: Ag
Isisindo se-athomu: 107.8682 u
Iphuzu elincibilikayo: 961.8 °C
Inombolo ye-athomu: 47
Ukuminyana: 10.49 g/cm³
Sicela uxhumane nathi uma ungahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo enjalo noma efanayo, sizohlinzeka ngezimo ezingcono kakhulu zokubambisana.